Autism is a group of disorders affecting brain development. Autism in individuals can vary widely and is therefore known as Autism Spectrum Disorders. Currently 1 in 68 children in the United States are diagnosed with Autism, 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls. This amounts to 3 million individuals in the United States with Autism. The number of Autism diagnoses have increased over the past 40 years due to improved diagnosis and awareness.
Research has been done that shows that here are gene mutations associated with Autism. Although some of these may cause Autism by themselves, in most cases there is a combination of both genetic and environmental factors that contribute. If there is a genetic predisposition for Autism, environmental factors such as advanced age at time of conception (mom or dad), maternal illness during pregnancy, mothers being exposed to high levels of air pollution or pesticides, and certain difficulties during birth, particularly those where the baby’s oxygen is deprived of oxygen for a period of time. A woman can reduce the risk of Autism by taking prenatal vitamins with folic acid before conception and during pregnancy.
There are some common signs of Autism. Not all individuals with Autism have all the signs and not to the same degree. This accounts for the wide range of presentations of Autism. Symptoms of Autism may include being focused on certain objects, not making eye contact, need for routine, repetitive behaviors, difficult social interactions, not responding to name, prefer to be alone (does not engage in play), different verbal abilities, may repeat phrases, obsessively interested in a particular topic, outbursts when in overly stimulate environments and a higher risk of epilepsy.
Autism is usually diagnosed by a Pediatrician, Child Neurologist, or Child Psychology or Psychiatrist. Development Screenings and Comprehensive Diagnostic Evaluations are typically performed. Developmental Screenings should be performed for developmental delays at 9, 18, and 24 months. Additional screenings may be needed if child has a sibling with Autism or behaviors associated with Autism are present. A Comprehensive Diagnostic Evaluation involves observing child’s behavior and interviewing parents. May also include hearing and vision screening, genetic testing or Neurologic testing.
Although there is not a cure for Autism, there are treatments. Medications may be used to help manage high energy levels, seizures or the inability to focus. Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy, Sensory Integration Therapy and Applied Behavior Analysis. Therapies can work towards encouraging positive behaviors an developing active living and communication skills.
If you or someone you know have recently had a child diagnosed with Autism, consider downloading the following kit provided by Autism Speaks.
Autism Speaks. (n.d.) What is Autism? Autism Speaks. Retrieved from https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Autism Spectrum Disorder. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/screening.html
National Institutes of Health. (2016) Autism Spectrum Disorder Fact Sheet. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm
